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alfalfa: 12.3-14.0 lb/ft3, the convenience of silo emptying and flexibility of use is to c) Silage dry matter densities are 12.5 lb/ft3 for alfalfa and 16.0 lb/ft3 for corn corn: 14.0-17.3 lb/ft3 and make several shorter bunkers. In our example, two 120-foot and sorghum. sorghum: 13.0-16.5 lb/ft3. silos could be constructed instead of one at 240 feet. Another Figure . Bunker silo filling methods. 1011- 1011-3 day which is influenced by bunker height, face removal rate The volume to be removed from the bunker is: alternative is three 80-foot silos for added flexibility. The total Table . Approximate bunker silo capacities. and silage density. volume or capacity would be the same. Flexibility is especially Bunker height: The maximum height is usually limited 2160 lbs/day important if you harvest hay silage in several cuttings. Each Silage Capacity Volume = by cost. In some cases, it can be limited by the maximum 16 lbs/ft3 silo could be sized to store each separate cutting. A multiple Corn or safe vertical reach of the silage unloading equipment. = 135 ft3/day silo arrangement allows you more flexibility to store other Width Height Length Volume Alfalfa Sorghum Bunker length: Length is primarily determined by the forages and different forage qualities. total quantity of forage that must be stored. Next, consider silo height and estimate the settled depth. The bunker silos selected may be configured as shown - - - - - - - - ft - - - - - - - - ft3 - - -Tons DM - - - Bunker silo walls are often available from 8 to 16 feet tall in in Figure 1. The common walls used between silos are less Design Procedure two-foot increments. To estimate the settled depth of silage, costly than two walls loaded from only one side. Selecting 20 8 40 5760 37 46 multiply the selected wall height by 0.85. a common wall height for all silos helps make multiple silo 80 12160 79 97 To calculate the silo size, you first must determine the design more manageable. Table 2 gives approximate bunker 120 18560 121 148 amount of dry matter (DM) that wil be fed each day from the Settled Depth (ft) = Wall Height (ft) x 0.85 silo capacities for alfalfa, corn and sorghum silage. 20 12 40 8160 53 65 bunker. Natural y, the amount of dry matter fed wil depend on 80 17760 115 142 the particular ration for each group of cattle. To determine the If the bunker wall height in our example is 10 feet, the settled 120 27360 178 219 amount of silage needed per day, use the fol owing equation: Silo Management depth is: 20 16 40 10240 67 82 Bunker silo management begins at harvest. For best 80 23040 150 184 Total Dry Matter (lbs/day) = Dry Matter (lbs DM/head-day) x Settled Depth = 10 x 0.85 results, chop corn and sorghum silage at 1/4 inch and hay 120 35840 233 287 Number of head = 8.5 ft silage at 3/8 inch theoretical length of cut. The moisture 20 20 40 12000 78 96 content should be between 55 and 70 percent. Higher mois- 80 28000 182 224 The volume of silage needed per day can be estimated know- Finally, decide what the face removal rate will be. Re- ture contents give better packing and preservation. Several 120 44000 286 352 ing the silage density. Typical densities are listed in Table member, you should remove at least six inches per day. For methods of distributing the forage in the bunker are possible. 30 8 40 8640 56 69 1. Density is highly influenced by harvest moisture content, our example, use eight inches or 0.67 feet. You can now A self-unloading wagon can be drawn through the bunker dis- 80 18240 119 146 packing tractor weight and packing time. The higher packing calculate bunker width (BW): tributing its load along the way. Below ground bunkers can be 120 27840 181 223 densities are achieved using higher moisture content forage filled by discharging a self-unloading wagon over the side as 30 12 40 12240 80 98 that is packed with a heavy tractor for an extended time, usu-Volume Removed (ft3/day) it drives by. The most common method is to dump the forage 80 26640 173 213 ally greater than 30 minutes per load. BW (ft) = Face Removal Rate (ft/day) x Settled Depth (ft) at the face of the pile and push it up with a front-end loader 120 41040 267 328 To determine the daily volume, divide the amount fed by 30 16 40 15360 100 123 the approximate density: For our example, bunker width is: 80 34560 225 276 120 53760 349 430 Total Dry Matter (lbs DM/day) Volume (ft3/day) = 135 ft3/day Bunker Width = 30 20 40 18000 117 144 Dry Matter Density (lbs DM/ft3) 0.67 ft/day x 8.5 ft 80 42000 273 336 = 23.7 ft (Use 24 ft.) 120 66000 429 528 For example, assume you are planning to feed 18 lbs of dry 40 8 40 11520 75 92 matter per head per day of corn silage to 120 cows and the Bunker width must be at least twice the width of your pack- 80 24320 158 195 density of corn silage is 16 lbs/ft3. The total dry matter fed ing tractor to make sure the middle can be packed. Since 120 37120 241 297 daily is: 24 feet is over twice the width of a 10-foot wide tractor, this 40 12 40 16320 106 131 width is acceptable. If the calculated bunker width is less 80 35520 231 284 Total Dry Matter = 18 lbs/head-day x 120 head than twice the packing tractor width, you must change some 120 54720 356 438 = 2160 lbs/day
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